1 項(xiàng)目來(lái)源與背景

　　1. Project Source and Background

　　煤炭、化工和金屬冶煉企業(yè),在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中,會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量煉化尾氣。這些尾氣中大都含有氫氣、一氧化碳、少量甲烷,還有其它一些烴類(lèi)等可燃成分。以焦?fàn)t煤氣為例,有關(guān)專(zhuān)家指出,中國(guó)的鋼鐵生產(chǎn)能力在進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整的同時(shí),仍有較大的發(fā)展空間。這意味著目前作為鋼鐵生產(chǎn)必不可缺的焦化產(chǎn)業(yè)仍具有廣闊的發(fā)展前景。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),年直接空排或空燒的煉焦煤氣達(dá)到200億立方米以上,相當(dāng)于西氣東送工程的年輸氣量。隨著西氣東送工程的實(shí)施,由于焦?fàn)t煤氣與天然氣的不可比性,國(guó)內(nèi)目前管道煤氣30～40％將被管道天然氣取代,一些焦化企業(yè)的煤氣將逐漸退出民用領(lǐng)域,這又意味著更多的煤氣無(wú)地可去。焦?fàn)t煤氣的主要成分為氫氣和甲烷,排往空中無(wú)疑將使生態(tài)環(huán)境遭到破壞。 煉化尾氣氣體成分復(fù)雜,尤其是易燃易爆的高氫尾氣,企業(yè)再利用度低,絕大部分都直接排空放散或者通過(guò)火炬燒掉,造成極大的環(huán)境污染和資源浪費(fèi)。在當(dāng)今提倡環(huán)保和節(jié)約的社會(huì)形勢(shì)下,工業(yè)煉化尾氣如何尋求合理的利用方式,變廢為寶,提高企業(yè)效益,變成一個(gè)亟待解決的問(wèn)題。 淄博淄柴新能源有限公司自主研發(fā)的高氫煉化尾氣發(fā)電機(jī)組,以氫氣含量高的焦?fàn)t煤氣、電石尾氣、蘭炭氣等為原料,驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)帶動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)工作。該型機(jī)組通過(guò)針對(duì)性的設(shè)計(jì),使整機(jī)性能得到充分發(fā)揮。與同類(lèi)產(chǎn)品相比具有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)：具備功率大、可靠性高、物料消耗省、各缸排氣溫度較低、易維護(hù)等特點(diǎn),機(jī)組各技術(shù)指標(biāo)已處于國(guó)際先進(jìn)、國(guó)內(nèi)領(lǐng)先地位。500kW高氫煉化尾氣發(fā)電機(jī)組的成功研發(fā),將為煉化尾氣在內(nèi)燃發(fā)電行業(yè)的應(yīng)用提供新的思路,必將推動(dòng)煉化尾氣在內(nèi)燃發(fā)電行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展。

　　Coal, chemical, and metal smelting enterprises generate a large amount of refining exhaust gas during the production process. Most of these exhaust gases contain combustible components such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, a small amount of methane, and other hydrocarbons. Taking coke oven gas as an example, experts point out that while China's steel production capacity is undergoing strategic adjustments, there is still significant room for development. This means that the coking industry, which is essential for steel production, still has broad development prospects. According to incomplete statistics, the annual direct discharge or combustion of coking gas exceeds 20 billion cubic meters, which is equivalent to the annual gas transmission volume of the West East Gas Pipeline Project. With the implementation of the West East Gas Transmission Project, due to the incomparability between coke oven gas and natural gas, 30-40% of pipeline gas in China will be replaced by pipeline natural gas. Some coking enterprises' gas will gradually withdraw from the civilian field, which means that more gas has nowhere to go. The main components of coke oven gas are hydrogen and methane, and discharging them into the air will undoubtedly damage the ecological environment. The gas composition of refining tail gas is complex, especially the highly flammable and explosive high hydrogen tail gas, which has low enterprise reuse. The vast majority of it is directly discharged or burned through torches, causing great environmental pollution and resource waste. In today's society that advocates environmental protection and conservation, how to seek reasonable utilization of industrial refining exhaust gas, turn waste into treasure, and improve enterprise efficiency has become an urgent problem to be solved. The high hydrogen refining tail gas generator set independently developed by Zibo Zichai New Energy Co., Ltd. uses high hydrogen content coke oven gas, calcium carbide tail gas, orchid charcoal gas and other raw materials to drive the engine and generator to work. This type of unit achieves full performance through targeted design. Compared with similar products, it has obvious advantages: it has the characteristics of high power, high reliability, low material consumption, low exhaust temperature of each cylinder, and easy maintenance. The technical indicators of the unit are already in an internationally advanced and domestically leading position. The successful development of a 500kW high hydrogen refining tail gas generator set will provide new ideas for the application of refining tail gas in the internal combustion power generation industry, and will undoubtedly promote the rapid development of refining tail gas in the internal combustion power generation industry.

　　2 項(xiàng)目的目的與意義

　　The purpose and significance of the two projects

　　隨著石油資源的逐漸枯竭和全球環(huán)境的惡化,世界各國(guó)不得不尋找其它儲(chǔ)量豐富、廉價(jià)、低污染的代用燃料。另外,隨著中國(guó)天然氣的開(kāi)發(fā)、“西氣東送”工程的啟動(dòng)和大量獨(dú)立冶煉企業(yè)的建設(shè),煉化尾氣已開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)過(guò)剩,且因成分復(fù)雜難以回收利用,多數(shù)企業(yè)直接將其排空放散,造成資源的浪費(fèi)和環(huán)境的污染。以煉化尾氣為原料代替昂貴而又緊張的石油、天然氣等資源的燃?xì)獍l(fā)電設(shè)備的開(kāi)發(fā)利用,能夠降低對(duì)石油、天然氣等能源的依賴(lài),提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,同時(shí)又可極大消除對(duì)環(huán)境的污染。因此,該項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施具備極大的市場(chǎng)需求潛力,市場(chǎng)推廣前景廣闊。 高氫煉化尾氣發(fā)電機(jī)組將300系列機(jī)型固有優(yōu)勢(shì)與進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng)內(nèi)混新技術(shù)相結(jié)合,大膽進(jìn)行技術(shù)創(chuàng)新,并通過(guò)實(shí)踐驗(yàn)證,機(jī)組功率高、穩(wěn)定性好、安全可靠、技術(shù)成熟。該系列機(jī)組為非增壓自然吸氣式直列機(jī),額定轉(zhuǎn)速600r/min,額定功率500kW,高、中、低壓輸出皆可。該發(fā)電技術(shù)取得行業(yè)內(nèi)重大突破,技術(shù)水平達(dá)到國(guó)際先進(jìn),同時(shí)該機(jī)型的開(kāi)發(fā)符合國(guó)家的能源產(chǎn)業(yè)政策,帶有很強(qiáng)的技術(shù)前瞻性,具備極大的市場(chǎng)需求潛力。

　　With the gradual depletion of oil resources and the deterioration of the global environment, countries around the world have to seek alternative fuels that are abundant in reserves, cheap, and low polluting. In addition, with the development of natural gas in China, the launch of the "West East Gas Transmission" project, and the construction of a large number of independent smelting enterprises, there has been an excess of refining tail gas, which is difficult to recycle due to its complex composition. Most enterprises directly discharge it, causing waste of resources and environmental pollution. The development and utilization of gas-fired power generation equipment using refined exhaust gas as raw material to replace expensive and scarce resources such as oil and natural gas can reduce dependence on energy such as oil and natural gas, improve economic efficiency, and greatly eliminate environmental pollution. Therefore, the implementation of this project has great potential for market demand and broad prospects for market promotion. The high hydrogen refining tail gas generator unit combines the inherent advantages of the 300 series models with the new mixed technology in the intake system, boldly innovates the technology, and has been verified through practice to have high power, good stability, safety and reliability, and mature technology. This series of units is a non pressurized naturally aspirated inline unit with a rated speed of 600r/min and a rated power of 500kW. It can output high, medium, and low voltage. This power generation technology has achieved significant breakthroughs in the industry, reaching an internationally advanced level of technology. At the same time, the development of this model is in line with the national energy industry policy, with strong technological foresight and great market demand potential.

　　3 主要技術(shù)創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)

　　3 main technological innovation points

　　自主開(kāi)發(fā)單缸可控內(nèi)混式進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)燃?xì)馀c空氣的缸外隔絕、缸內(nèi)混合燃燒,有效避免利用該類(lèi)高氫燃?xì)鈺r(shí)易發(fā)生的回火、放炮現(xiàn)象。同時(shí),各缸燃?xì)膺M(jìn)氣量可分別單獨(dú)控制,保證各缸進(jìn)氣均勻性,機(jī)組運(yùn)行更加穩(wěn)定。通過(guò)適應(yīng)性地開(kāi)發(fā)關(guān)鍵技術(shù),采取的阻火、防爆、防泄漏等燃?xì)獍踩么胧R全、可靠,開(kāi)發(fā)的煉化尾氣發(fā)電機(jī)組可適用氫氣含量高達(dá)60%的燃?xì)?解決了焦?fàn)t煤氣、電石尾氣、蘭炭氣等高含氫量可燃?xì)怏w內(nèi)燃發(fā)電的技術(shù)難題。 同時(shí),定制開(kāi)發(fā)自動(dòng)化控制和遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng),能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組及其外圍配套設(shè)備的快速反應(yīng)、一鍵啟動(dòng)、自動(dòng)合閘、自動(dòng)加載等自動(dòng)化功能,方便遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控操作。該系統(tǒng)可根據(jù)氣源變化及時(shí)調(diào)整燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組的運(yùn)行狀況,實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)人值守,操作更加便捷,運(yùn)行更加平穩(wěn)。

　　We have independently developed a single cylinder controllable internal hybrid intake system, which achieves the isolation of gas and air outside the cylinder and the mixing combustion inside the cylinder, effectively avoiding the backfire and blasting phenomena that are prone to occur when using this type of high hydrogen gas. At the same time, the gas intake of each cylinder can be controlled separately to ensure the uniformity of intake and more stable operation of the unit. By adaptively developing key technologies and adopting complete and reliable measures for gas safety utilization such as fire prevention, explosion prevention, and leak prevention, the developed refining tail gas generator set can be applied to gas with a hydrogen content of up to 60%, solving the technical problem of internal combustion power generation of high hydrogen content combustible gases such as coke oven gas, calcium carbide tail gas, and blue carbon gas. At the same time, customized development of automation control and remote monitoring systems can achieve automation functions such as rapid response, one key start, automatic closing, and automatic loading of gas generator sets and their peripheral supporting equipment, facilitating remote monitoring operations. This system can adjust the operation status of the gas generator set in a timely manner according to changes in the gas source, achieving unmanned operation, more convenient operation, and smoother operation.

　　4 社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益

　　4 Social and Economic Benefits

　　該項(xiàng)目的推廣應(yīng)用對(duì)于建立可持續(xù)發(fā)展的能源系統(tǒng),緩解電力壓力,有效降低對(duì)昂貴而又緊張的石油等不可再生資源的依賴(lài)程度,提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,同時(shí)又可消除煉化尾氣排空對(duì)環(huán)境造成的污染,對(duì)促進(jìn)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和生態(tài)環(huán)境的改善具有重要意義。該產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)業(yè)化不僅可帶動(dòng)余熱鍋爐、發(fā)電機(jī)、電氣控制柜等配套廠(chǎng)家的經(jīng)濟(jì),同時(shí)還可拉動(dòng)當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民就業(yè),經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、社會(huì)效益和生態(tài)效益顯著。

　　The promotion and application of this project is of great significance for establishing a sustainable energy system, alleviating power pressure, effectively reducing dependence on expensive and scarce non renewable resources such as oil, improving economic benefits, and eliminating environmental pollution caused by refining exhaust emissions. It is of great significance for promoting social and economic development and improving the ecological environment. The industrialization of this product can not only drive the economy of supporting manufacturers such as waste heat boilers, generators, and electrical control cabinets, but also stimulate local farmers' employment, with significant economic, social, and ecological benefits.

　　5 存在的問(wèn)題和改進(jìn)意見(jiàn)

　　5 Existing Problems and Improvement Suggestions

　　目前,500kW高氫煉化尾氣發(fā)電機(jī)組單機(jī)功率較低,無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足大規(guī)模發(fā)電利用工程建設(shè)的需求。 研發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)還將繼續(xù)致力于優(yōu)化機(jī)組性能,提升機(jī)組運(yùn)行功率,或者開(kāi)發(fā)更大功率機(jī)型,以適應(yīng)更加廣闊的市場(chǎng)需求。

　　At present, the single unit power of 500kW high hydrogen refining tail gas generator set is relatively low, which cannot meet the needs of large-scale power generation and utilization engineering construction. The R&D team will continue to work on optimizing unit performance, improving unit operating power, or developing larger power models to meet broader market demands.

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